Abstract
The aims of study were to evaluate growth and characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies in mangosteens. The seedlings were cultivated in nutritive solution containing all required macronutrient and micronutrients and in solutions with omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, using the missing element technique. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates and twelve treatments. Symptoms of nutrient deficiency were accompanied by photographic records and described from beginning until complete definition, in which the plants were collected. Growth was evaluated through of dry mass production and nutrient contents. Nutrients omissions resulted in morphological alterations, characteristic symptoms of nutritional deficiency, promoted the reduction in dry mass production in plant, in which the Fe was most limiting, followed by N, and S. Macronutrients and micronutrients contents, without deficiencies (complete treatment) and deficient in mangosteen leaves were respectively: N (16.4 and 12.5 g kg-1); P (1.1 and 0.2 g kg-1); K (10.2 and 8.1 g kg-1); Ca (6.7 and 1.9 g kg-1); Mg (1.1 and 0.1 g kg-1); S (3.0 and 2.2 g kg-1); B (20 and 16 mg kg-1); Cu (7 and 3 mg kg-1); Fe (266 and 86 mg kg-1); Mn (58 and 17 mg kg-1). The decreasing order in appearance of visual symptoms of deficiency was N > S > K > B > Ca > P > Mg > Mn > Cu > Zn.
Highlights
The Amazon region presents favorable edaphoclimatic conditions for development of production systems with tropical fruits, among the species of economic interest the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) has been highlighted, due to interest of national and international consumer markets
According to Carneiro et al [19], chlorosis is associated with N function in plant metabolism, since it is closely linked to carbon metabolism and to photorespiratory process, metabolic processes associated with photosynthesis
Mangosteen is sensitive to iron deficiency, being first nutrient to manifest the visual symptoms of deficiencies
Summary
The Amazon region presents favorable edaphoclimatic conditions for development of production systems with tropical fruits, among the species of economic interest the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) has been highlighted, due to interest of national and international consumer markets. Belonging to Clusiaceae family, native to Southeast Asia, the mangosteen has been considered by many as “fruit queen” by its incomparable flavor and aroma, cultivated in tropical countries of Africa, Central America, South America and the United States. In Pará state, mangosteen is concentrated in Santa Isabel do Pará, Benevides, Castanhal, Marituba, Santo Antônio do Tauá, and Tomé-Açu city, being a large part consortium with other fruit species such as açaí, cupuassu, banana, and orange [2]. Fruit pericarp is one of major sources of xanthones [4], showing antioxidant [5], antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory [6], and antileukemic activity [7] [8]
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