Growth and vegetative spread of Schizachyrium scoparium var. littoralis (Poaceae) in sand dune microhabitats along a successional gradient

Abstract

The architecture resulting from the iteration of modules during plant growth affects resource capture. Phalanx and guerrilla growth forms have been described as ends of a continuum regarding the spacing of modules in plants. In this study we investigated the growth form of the perennial, tussock-forming grass Schizachyrium scoparium Michx. var. littoralis (Nash) Hitchc. in three dune microhabitats at El Morro de la Mancha, southeastern Mexico: a mobile, a semi-mobile, and a stabilized site. We followed the growth of 15 genets at each site for two consecutive years and found that daughter-tussock formation was more frequent in the stabilized than in the semi-mobile or the mobile sites. Individual tussocks had a higher number of tillers in the mobile site than in the other two. Tiller production occurred within parental tussocks in the mobile site and in the form of daughter tussocks in the stabilized site. Reciprocal transplants suggested that phenotypic plasticity was responsible for the differences observed. Fertilization enhanced tiller production within parental tussocks but did not affect daughter tussock formation. Clearing experiments resulted in enhanced tiller production within tussocks. In these experiments, daughter-tussock production did not occur directionally towards nutrient-rich microsites. It appears that S. scoparium tillers are spaced at longer distances when resources are scarce and intraclonal competition is severe.Key words: clonal growth, growth form, nutrient availability, phalanx-guerrilla continuum.