Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary substitution of fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFM) and Manihot esculenta leaves meal (MEM) on the growth and feed efficiency of Oreochromis sp. Four concentrations viz: P1 (25%): 50g BSFM and 25g MEM, P2 (50%): 100g BSFM and 50g MEM, P3 (75%): 150g BSFM and 75g MEM, P4 (100%): 200g BSFM and 100g MEM were prepared and tested against control without FM replacement. Each diet was fed to three replicates groups of fish at a rate of 5% of body weight two times per day for 30 days. At the end of the trial, growth parameters, Feed conversion rate (FCR), and feed efficiency (FE) were evaluated. The results showed that fish fed dietary substitution of FM with combination ratio of BSFM and MEM higher than 50% significantly improved all growth parameters, FCR and FE. It is therefore suggested that the partial (higher than 50%) or total replacement of fish meal with combination of BSFM and MEM in the diet of Oreochromis sp can be used as fish meal substitution to obtain better growth and feed efficiency.
Highlights
The global production of tilapia has reached 5.000.000 metric tons, placing this sector in the second largest aquaculture in the world (Fitzsimmons, 2016)
Current findings stated that all growth parameters such as final weight, body weight gain (BWG), daily weight gain (DWG), average weekly gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and thermal growth coefficient (TGC) of fish fed diet with fish meal (FM) replacement higher than 50% were similar to fish control group without FM substitution
Besides growth parameters, feed efficiency of fish fed FM replacement with BSFM and MEM higher than 50% showed better Feed conversion rate (FCR) and FE (Table 3)
Summary
The global production of tilapia has reached 5.000.000 metric tons, placing this sector in the second largest aquaculture in the world (Fitzsimmons, 2016). Nutrition in aquaculture is a high cost component, in intensive culture. The protein component alone in fish diets represents about 50% of feed cost in intensive culture (Kordi, 2010). The protein from insect can be considered as a substitution of fish meal (FM) because of environmentally friendly and has high protein and lipid (Hanief et al, 2014; Khosravi et al, 2015; Sumiati et al, 2006; Tang et al, 2009). Previous studies revealed that the supplementation of low cost reference diets for fish has been done using protein from whole or parts of insect which is transformed into an insect protein meal (AOAC, 1990; Effendi et al, 2006; Iskandar, 2015), for example yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) (Setiawati, 2008). Tough the adult’s stage of insect may not consider to be applied in feeds as they contain quinones; the larvae stage of insect has a high nutritional value, containing high protein and lipids, but low in ash (Craig & Helfrich, 2002)
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