Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a highly contagious disease in young chicks and leads to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. To determine a suitable cell line for IBDV infection, replication, and growth kinetics of the virus, DF-1 cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were used. The population doubling per day (Pd/D) was found to be higher in DF-1 as compared to CEF cells. A suitable time of infection (TOI) was established for increased production of virus and greater infectivity titers. The DF-1 and CEF cells were found to be susceptible to infection by producing marked cytopathic effects (CPEs), and the growth curves of IBDV in DF-1 and CEF cells were evaluated by infectivity assay using tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50). The cytopathic effects of the virus in DF-1 and CEF cells were found to be similar, but higher viral titers were detected in the DF-1 cells as compared to CEF. Thus the DF-1 cell line had a higher growth potential and infectivity, which will be of advantage in vaccine production.
Highlights
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), known as Gumboro disease, is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)
The IBDV strains of serotype 1 are pathogenic to chickens [5] and further classified as classical virulent IBDV, very virulent IBDV, antigenic variant IBDV, and attenuated IBDV [6]
To propagate viruses in cell culture, a suitable time of infection (TOI) must be determined. Exponential growth of both DF-1 cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) cells started after a lag phase of about 48 h, and cell concentrations were maximal at 1.29 × 106 cells/mL at 72 h for DF-1 and at 1.0 × 106 cells/mL at 96 h for CEF
Summary
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), known as Gumboro disease, is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The virus causes a highly contagious disease in young chickens, with functional loss of the Bursa of Fabricius accompanied by severe immunosuppression [1], which leads to an increased susceptibility to other pathogens eventually resulting in greater mortality [2]. IBDV requires a receptor to penetrate target cells to cause infection. The distribution of this virus receptor mainly determines the target cells and the tissue specificity [9] and thereby the site of pathological changes associated with infection [10]. Chicken B lymphocytes are the primary target for virulent serotype 1 strains of IBDV, and the infection causes a functional loss of the Bursa of Fabricius and severe immunodepression. A specific receptor on the surface of a susceptible host cell for the attachment of IBDV still needs to be identified
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