Abstract
Drought causes hampered nutrient absorption and water uptake in plants hence abnormal growth and lower yield. One of alternative solutions is the development of maize varieties tolerant to drought stress through plant breeding. This study aims to find superior M3 mutant genotypes of maize that can adapt to dry land with high productivity. The study was conducted in green house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin using Split Plot Design. Water availability level was set as main plot consisted of 60%, 80% and 100% and maize mutant was set as subplot consisted of four M3 mutants, namely Bisma 100 gy, Bisma 200 gy, Lamuru 100 gy, and Lamuru 200 gy. In addition two varieties were used as controls ie. Bisma, and Lamuru resulted in total of 6 genotypes tested in the study. Mutant genotype of Bisma 200 gy showed tolerance to all water availability levels and significantly differed to other mutants including its parents indicated with higher yield. 100% water availability condition resulted in higher production than the other two water availability conditions with the average yield produced was 44.1 g per plant
Highlights
Data recorded shows the area of land cultivating corn in 2012 was 3.9 million ha and increased to 4.4 million ha by 2016 (Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian, 2017)
Drought during this period will cause the plant to experience an increase in ASI (Anthesis Silking Interval) so that pollination is not synchronized (Edmeades, G.O., Bolanos, J., & Lafitte, H.R., 1992 ; Banziger et al, 2008), the formation of seeds that are not optimal even none of the seeds are formed due to the presence reduction in photosynthesis results
Least Significance Difference (LSD) test to determine the difference between the tested mutants
Summary
The observed character data included plant height, number of leaves, number of dried leaves, Anthesis Silking Interval (ASI) and production, were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Split Plot design. The significant effect of treatments was analyzed further using the. Least Significance Difference (LSD) test to determine the difference between the tested mutants. 1. Plant Height Analysis of variance results indicate that water availability levels and mutants treatments significantly affect plant height, respectively. The mutant genotype that showed the best response was Lamuru 200 gy (M4) with an average value of 185.97 cm not significantly differed with other genotypes except for genotype Bisma (M5)
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