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Abstract
Fullerenes are nanoparticles composed of carbon atoms arranged in a spherical hollow cage-like structure. Numerous studies have evaluated the therapeutic potential of fullerene derivates against oxidative stress-associated conditions, including the prevention or treatment of arthritis. On the other hand, fullerenes are not only able to quench, but also to generate harmful reactive oxygen species. The reactivity of fullerenes may change in time due to the oxidation and polymerization of fullerenes in an air atmosphere. In this study, we therefore tested the dependence between the age of fullerene films (from one week to one year) and the proliferation, viability and metabolic activity of human osteosarcoma cells (lines MG-63 and U-2 OS). We also monitored potential membrane and DNA damage and morphological changes of the cells. After seven days of cultivation, we did not observe any cytotoxic morphological changes, such as enlarged cells or cytosolic vacuole formation. Furthermore, there was no increased level of DNA damage. The increasing age of the fullerene films did not cause enhancement of cytotoxicity. On the contrary, it resulted in an improvement in the properties of these materials, which are more suitable for cell cultivation. Therefore, fullerene films could be considered as a promising material with potential use as a bioactive coating of cell carriers for bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
IntroductionFullerenes, first discovered by Kroto et al in 1985 [1], are carbon allotropes with a spherical structure consisting of more than sixty carbon atoms linked via hexagonal and pentagonal rings
Fullerenes, first discovered by Kroto et al in 1985 [1], are carbon allotropes with a spherical structure consisting of more than sixty carbon atoms linked via hexagonal and pentagonal rings.Fullerene C60 is a remarkably stable cage-like molecule with a diameter of approximately 0.7 nm and, can be defined as a nanomaterial
The roughness on the prominences, as well as on the grooves, is higher on the aged C60 layers, which could be explained by the fullerene polymerization and other changes of the C60 films during the aging period, leading to an increased size of the granular nanostructures (Figure 1)
Summary
Fullerenes, first discovered by Kroto et al in 1985 [1], are carbon allotropes with a spherical structure consisting of more than sixty carbon atoms linked via hexagonal and pentagonal rings. Fullerene C60 ( termed Buckminsterfullerene or buckyball) is a remarkably stable cage-like molecule with a diameter of approximately 0.7 nm and, can be defined as a nanomaterial Thanks to their unique physicochemical properties, such as the ability to withstand high temperatures and pressures, as well as the high reactivity of these nanoparticles, fullerenes are expected to have great potential in industry as catalysts for chemical reactions, electronic equipment, additives in lubricants and fuel [2]. According to these findings mentioned in the preceding paragraph, fullerene materials appear very promising in bone tissue engineering, e.g., for surface treatment of bone implants This idea is further supported by our earlier studies performed on fullerenes C60 and binary C60/Ti composites deposited on carbon-based or glass substrates in the form of continuous and micropatterned films [27,28,29,30,31]. We have concentrated on the positive effects, and on potential membrane and DNA damage, as well as morphological changes of cells cultivated on fullerene films
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