Growth and performance of cotton in a desert environment: I. Morphological development of the crop

Abstract

SUMMARYVariety, sowing date, irrigation water and plant spacing were the variables in five experiments over three seasons in southern Arabia. The results are used to develop the idea that morphological change and increase in dry weight—two aspects of the growth of cotton which are often studied separately—must be linked to explain or predict crop performance.A straight line related the number of flower buds counted at any time to the number of mainstem nodes on a plant. The mainstem was therefore a simple parameter for the effect of age, temperature and water on the development of plant structure. The relationship was explained by a model in which fruiting branches compete with one another. The structure of the crop plants, as measured by the types and number of nodes, developed along a course in time determined by variety and spacing at a rate dependent on temperature. The rate decreased with age, but was independent of the quantity of water available, until a critical amount had been used, when development stopped abruptly.Accumulated day degrees accounted for the differences between dates of sowing in the subsequent production of nodes. This relationship was consistent with work on temperature elsewhere. Date of sowing effected the position of the first fruiting branch in the variety Bar XL 1 but not in Wild's Early. The position of the first fruiting branch and spacing affected the number of vegetative branches. Wider spaced plants produced flower buds faster only because they had more fruiting branches, a result in turn of more vegetative branches. The ratio between the mean rates of production of nodes on vegetative branches, and on fruiting branches were varietal constants and agreed with results elsewhere in contrasting conditions.