Growth and multiplication of white skeletal muscle fibres in carp larvae in relation to somatic growth rate

Abstract

A morphometric analysis of white axial muscle of common carp Cyprinus carpio was undertaken in order to quantify increase in fibre size, fibre nuclei and fibre number in relation to somatic growth rate during early life. In fast‐growing carp larvae fed zooplankton, length and height of fibres from the central part of dorsolateral muscle increased at the same rate (0.75) relative to the total length of the larvae during the first 2 weeks of feeding. During this period, the number of nuclei per fibre increased threefold while the number of nuclei per unit fibre surface remained constant. In fast‐growing larvae fed a formulated diet, the total cross‐sectional area of one epaxial quadrant of white muscle and the total area of white fibres increased at almost the same rate (3.15; 3.23) relative to larval total length during the first 28 days of exogenous feeding. The total number of white fibres increased faster (2.07) relative to the total length of larvae than the mean area of white fibres (1.16). Hyperplasia accounted for 64% of muscle growth in these larvae. The proportion of fibres with a width < 10 μm decreased from 72% at first feeding to 14% 28 days later, while the proportion of fibres with a width >20 μm which was 0% at first feeding increased up to 34% in the same time. The recruitment of new white fibres seemed to be almost the same in the whole muscle quadrant at first feeding and 18 or 28 days later but, 8 days after first feeding, a transient significant recruitment of new fibres was shown at the apex of the myotome. Comparisons between fast‐ and slow‐growing groups of larvae showed that for a given larval total length: (1) the mean width of central white fibres was higher and the proportion of central fibres with a width <10 μm was lower in slow‐growing larvae than in fast‐growing ones; (2) the total number of white fibres was lower for a higher total cross‐sectional area of white muscle in slow‐growing larvae than in fast‐growing ones. These results suggest that, in Cyprinus carpio larvae, slow‐growing conditions are related to a decreased contribution of hyperplasia to muscle growth.