Growth and gravitropism of corn roots in solution

Abstract

ABSTRACTGrowth and early gravitropic responses of corn roots in solution have been studied using time‐lapse photography. Aeration was required for both root growth and gravitropism. The optimum pH for gravitropism was in the range 5 to 6. The bending response seemed to be greater for roots in non‐buffered solution than in buffered solution. Fastest growth and maximum curvature occurred with about 0.2 mol m−3 Ca2+. Under some conditions, the gravitropic response started with apparently negligible time delay after the start of the gravitropic stimulus. This may denote graviperception in or near the elongation zone itself. This mechanism for early but relatively weak gravitropism may help to explain a variety of gravitropic responses such as the ‘early wrong way’ curvature, and the behaviour of roots whose columella cells lack amyloplasts. More rapid bending appears to start at about 20 min, which is consistent with observations on roots in humid air and with the accepted statolith model of perception in the root cap.