GROWTH AND FERTILITY OF APPLE TREE SPECIES AKSAMIT AND PALANEZ DEPENDING ON THE CUTTING TECHNIQUES USED IN THE FORMATION OF THE SPINDLE-SHAPED CROWN

Abstract

The article presents the research results for 2019–2020 (on the 2-3 year after planting the garden) in studying the effect
 of various degrees of shortening of one-year growth during the formation of a spindle-shaped crown on the growth and fruiting
 of trees of the Aksamit and Palanez species on a semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118.
 As a result, it was found that in the studied species the method of crown formation without shortening (cutting) the shoots
 contributed to the formation of a larger amount of fruit wood (laying the generative sphere).
 The shortening of one-year increments by 1/2 and 1/3 of the length during crown formation stimulated branching and led
 to the formation of a larger number of annual increments and their greater total length accordingly.
 The first fruiting of the studied species on a semi-dwarf clonal rootstock 54-118 was noted only on the third year after
 planting the garden with annual seedlings.
 In order to accelerate the fruiting of apple trees on a semi-dwarf clonal rootstock 54-118 when forming a spindle-shaped
 crown in the first two years after planting the garden, it is necessary to take into account their species characteristics:
 in the early ripening Aksamit species shortening of the annual growth should be excluded, and in the average ripening period
 Palanez species shortening of the one-year growth by 1/3 of the length is permissible.