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Abstract
The influence of Phomopsis viticola, Diaporthe phaseolorum and Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum isolated from avocado stem-end rot on growth of Arabidopsis seedlings was investigated. We found responses that are specific for each fungus, whereas P. viticola and D. phaseolorum strongly repressed root growth, P. stromaticum induced growth and branching, and enhanced shoot biomass production. Detailed microscopy and structural analyses revealed that the fungi did not affect cell division in root meristems but rather influenced cell elongation and differentiation, and these responses were related to changes in auxin responsiveness. P. stromaticum strongly acidifies the growth medium and this correlated with induction of the jasmonic acid responsive gene construct LOX2:GUS in leaves, whereas P. viticola and D. phaseolorum showed much reduced acidification properties. Taken together, our results show that fungal isolates from the stem-end of avocado fruits interact with Arabidopsis plants in highly diverse and contrasting manners influencing growth, patterning and defence.
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