Abstract
Early-life exposure to local financial institutions increases household financial inclusion and improves financial health thereafter. We identify the effect of local financial markets using an externally-imposed law that led to sharp differences in credit market development across Native American reservations. Individuals who grow up on financially underdeveloped reservations enter formal credit markets later than individuals from financially developed reservations, and as a result, have persistently lower credit scores. Although financial health improves after moving from a reservation, it takes longer than a decade for the credit scores of individuals leaving financially underdeveloped areas to converge with other borrowers.
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