Abstract
On June 15, 2020, China and India had a border clash in Galwan Valley. Galwan Valley is a disputed territory in the high mountain area of the Himalayas. Although no fi rearms were used and most fi ghting was carried out by using stones and sticks, the clash resulted in human casualties for the fi rst time since 1975. Both countries accused each other’s border patrolling military of transgressing the line of actual control (LAC). The line of actual control, 4057 km long, is the name of the de facto border between India and China: there was in fact never any offi cial legal border between the two countries because “international borders” is not a concept that either Indian or Chinese civilizations developed but rather a result of Western colonization and decolonization of the area.
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