Growing season carbon dioxide and methane exchange at a restored peatland on the Western Boreal Plain

Abstract

Boreal peatlands represent globally important long term sinks of carbon; however, horticultural peat extraction disrupts this carbon sink function, converting these ecosystems to large sources of greenhouse gases. Peatland restoration mitigates these emissions but to date no measurement of greenhouse gas exchange has been conducted on restored peatlands in western Canada, a region where continental climate could impact restoration success. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes during the growing season in a restored, cutover peatland in northern Alberta (Boreal Plain Ecozone) and compared these to fluxes measured on a neighboring unrestored area. Restoration resulted in a shift in mean growing season fluxes from 378g CO2C and −0.2g CH4C at the unrestored site to −30g CO2C and 3.7g CH4C at the restored site, where positive values indicate flux of carbon from the peatland to the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide exchange was correlated to vascular vegetation cover that varied depending on local water table position. Water table was also related to CH4 flux, with higher emissions from wet sites. Restoration activities should avoid creating very dry microsites where greenhouse gas emissions will remain high, while very wet sites may accumulate carbon as CO2 but will likely create areas of high CH4 flux.