Abstract
Growth of a black hole requires the participation of a near-by accretion disk if it is to occur at a significant rate. The Kerr solution of Einstein’s equation is a vacuum solution, but the center of a realistic Kerr black hole is not a vacuum, so the predicted disk singularity does not exist. Instead, the center of a black hole is occupied by an ultra-dense, spheroidal core whose diameter is greater than that of the theoretical disk singularity. The surface of a black hole’s core is continually bombarded by energetic particles from the external universe. Hence the cold remnant of a gravitationally-collapsed star that has often been assumed to be present at the center of a black hole must be replaced conceptually by a quark-gluon plasma whose temperature is of the order of 1012 K or more. The gravitational potential well of a black hole is extremely deep (TeV), but the number of discrete energy levels below the infinite-red-shift surface is finite. Information can be conveyed to observers in the external universe by thermally-excited fermions that escape from levels near the top of a black hole potential well.
Highlights
A well-known result for a particle approaching a black hole in Schwartzschild or Kerr geometry [1] [2] is that it takes an infinite time, as measured by a clock carried by an observer in the external universe, for the particle to cross the infinite-red-shift surface given by 2GMr/ρ2 = 1
In order for a black hole to grow at a measurable rate by capturing particles of matter from the external universe, there needs to be an adjacent accre
A growing Kerr black hole has an ultra-dense, quasi-solid, spheroidal core, whose radius is greater than the radius of the theoretical ring singularity, and an associated accretion disk, whose presence is required if growth is to occur at a measurable rate
Summary
( ) 2) An outer ergosurface, given by r+ =M + M 2 − a2 cos θ 1 2 where a is the angular momentum and M is the mass of the black hole This is a stationary limit surface, inside which it is impossible to be a stationary observer and within which the phenomenon of dragging of inertial frames occurs. The structures (2) to (6) derive from calculations rather than observations and are not absolutely trustworthy, but the only serious doubt attaches to the disk singularity of item (6) This item is incompatible with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, for the standard reason that the value of a positional variable x, y or z cannot have zero uncertainty in the physical universe without introducing an unacceptable infinite uncertainty into the conjugate momentum. For a Kerr black hole this is true in general, not merely in principle
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