Abstract
Past studies indicate that the effect of intergroup contact on outgroup attitude is not isolated to contextual factors. One of the contextual factors that has begun to be studied is group norm. However, group norm in these studies is still merely conceptualized as the perception of how ingroup members evaluate outgroup members. In fact, according to norm focus theory, in a given context, individuals are influenced, at least, by two types of group norms, namely injunctive norms (i.e., what most people morally accept to do) and descriptive norms (i.e., what most people do). To fill the gap, present studies attempt to answer the question of how two types of group norms might have different effects on the relationship of intergroup contact and outgroup attitude. Built on past studies, it was hypothesized that both quality (H1) and quantity (H2) of cross-group friendship would positively affect outgroup attitude. Further, built on the fact that the nature of attitude in present studies is more utilitarian than hedonic, it was predicted that injunctive norms would be more likely to function as moderator in the effect of cross-group friendship on outgroup attitude, either in dimensions of quality (H3) or quantity (H4). 110 Muslim students were recruited as participants and asked to fill in a self-report questionnaire regarding their interactions with Christians. The findings partly support the hypotheses.
Highlights
One of the most challenging issues to face in current diverse society is how to build a harmonious intergroup relationship
As presented by the table, preliminary results from the correlational analysis provide initial evidence for the idea that quantity and quality of contact is related to injunctive norms and descriptive norms. These preliminary results suggest that intergroup contacts and group norms were related to outgroup attitude
Previous studies that attempted to understand the relationship between intergroup contact, group norms, and outgroup attitude mainly tested two possible hypotheses: (1) group norms function as moderators in the effect of intergroup contact on outgroup attitude, (2) intergroup contact moderate the effect of group norms on outgroup attitude
Summary
One of the most challenging issues to face in current diverse society is how to build a harmonious intergroup relationship. This is the case for Indonesia, a Moslem majority country with the most populous Moslem population in the world, but at the same time has “Pancasila” ideology A national survey recorded, in 2013, that there were 245 cases of intolerance in Indonesia (The Wahid Institute, 2014). This included sealing worship houses, coercing beliefs to other believers, discrimination, etc. The question is: How can such conflict be resolved? In current studies, this question was addressed by focusing on the role of cross-group friendship and contextual factors
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