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Abstract
BackgroundDespite the popularity of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation, the efficacy of this method is unclear. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a single-session of group hypnotherapy for smoking cessation compared to relaxation in Swiss adult smokers.MethodsThis was a cluster-randomised, parallel-group, controlled trial. A single session of hypnosis or relaxation for smoking cessation was delivered to groups of smokers (median size = 11). Participants were 223 smokers consuming ≥ 5 cigarettes per day, willing to quit and not using cessation aids (47.1% females, M = 37.5 years [SD = 11.8], 86.1% Swiss). Nicotine withdrawal, smoking abstinence self-efficacy, and adverse reactions were assessed at a 2-week follow-up. The main outcome, self-reported 30-day point prevalence of smoking abstinence, was assessed at a 6-month follow up. Abstinence was validated through salivary analysis. Secondary outcomes included number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking abstinence self-efficacy, and nicotine withdrawal.ResultsAt the 6-month follow up, 14.7% in the hypnosis group and 17.8% in the relaxation group were abstinent. The intervention had no effect on smoking status (p = .73) or on the number of cigarettes smoked per day (p = .56). Smoking abstinence self-efficacy did not differ between the interventions (p = .14) at the 2-week follow-up, but non-smokers in the hypnosis group experienced reduced withdrawal (p = .02). Both interventions produced few adverse reactions (p = .81).ConclusionsA single session of group hypnotherapy does not appear to be more effective for smoking cessation than a group relaxation session.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN72839675.
Highlights
Despite the popularity of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation, the efficacy of this method is unclear
Results on the body mass index (BMI) at baseline, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory-V (BDI-V) at both follow-ups, and adverse events at the six-month follow-up are not reported in the present paper
Outcomes The primary outcome of this trial was the rate of smoking abstinence six months following hypnotherapy, compared to relaxation
Summary
Despite the popularity of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation, the efficacy of this method is unclear. Up to 80% try to quit smoking without using any assistance [4,5]. As smokers hold misperceptions regarding nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) for smoking cessation, these methods are underused [7,8,9,10,11]. For those smokers who are looking for cessation assistance, but who are not motivated to try NRT or other medications for smoking cessation, a range of
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