Group-Based Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy for the Improvement of Mental Outcomes in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Patients in Low Resource Care Facilities

Abstract

Background: Exercise is related to enhanced cognitive functioning and brain plasticity. Exercise might represent a potential adjunctive treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, group exercise may prove especially useful due to its additional benefits. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of low-cost, group-based exercise on mental outcomes in patients with mild to moderate AD. Methods: Participants with mild to moderate AD were randomized to either a non-exercising control (CON) group or a group-exercise (GEX) group (n = 20 each). The GEX participated in eight weeks of three-times-weekly non-consecutive 45-minute sessions consisting of balance, resistance, aerobic, and flexibility exercises to determine their effect on mental outcomes, namely, cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADLs), and quality of life (QOL). Results: The intervention program showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (P = 0.023). While the GEX were found to have no change in their (Alzheimer’s disease cooperative study activities of daily living) ADCS-ADL scores (P = 0.574). The CON demonstrated a significant, but deleterious 13.77% decrease in their ADCS-ADL scores from pre- to mid-test (P = 0.023) and from pre- to post-test (P = 0.038). Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD) scores were unchanged in both the GEX and CON. Conclusions: Our results indicate that a low-cost, multidimensional group exercise intervention can positively influence cognitive function and improve patients with mild to moderate AD ability to perform ADLs.