Abstract
The goal of this study is to determine the vulnerability of groundwater in northern Iraq's Nineveh Plain by utilizing the DRASTIC method and geographic information systems (GIS). In the context of human or environmental systems, vulnerability refers to the potential for harm as a result of stress or disturbance, it may be related to a particular system, hazard, or group of hazards. The vulnerability map includes three vulnerability categories: very low, low, and medium. Following the results of the spatial analysis, it can be concluded that the southern and northeastern portions of the study area have been the most vulnerable to contamination under the medium vulnerability group. According to statistics acquired by removing one DRASTIC element at a time and analyzing the effect on the calculated vulnerability index, the impact of the vadose zone is the most sensitive factor (the mean value is 3.00). The aquifer type, topography, and hydraulic conductivity all have the same mean value of 1.5. The soil factor has a mean value of 0.5, making it the least effective. The research recommends the necessity of using groundwater vulnerability maps in the process of planning future lands and the protection of the Nineveh Plain area from pollution.
Highlights
The Nineveh Plain region suffers from multi-faceted environmental stresses that have led to groundwater exposure to pollution resulting from rapid urban development and expansion in agriculture and industry
The use of land is usually done without taking into account the protection of groundwater from contamination hazards
The assessments themselves are analytical tools to understand the relationship between land use activities and groundwater contamination, as well as social and biological influences, to make informed decisions and implement protection programs to keep the quality of groundwater at a high level (Council, 1993)
Summary
The Nineveh Plain region suffers from multi-faceted environmental stresses that have led to groundwater exposure to pollution resulting from rapid urban development and expansion in agriculture and industry. Vulnerability is increased if the system's natural characteristics provide insufficient protection for groundwater from polluting activities on the land surface. The study area (Nineveh Plain) is located in the northeastern part of the Mosul governorate, in northern Iraq, between the latitudes of 36°47'27 47" N and 35°59'3.57" N and the longitudes of This area stretches from Mosul Lake in the north down to the Great Zab River in the south. The ground surface is generally flat in the central and southern parts of the region, with minor hills and valleys in the northern and northeastern parts of the same region (Fig. 1)
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