Abstract
In the era of global climate change, the monitoring of water resources, including groundwater, is of fundamental importance for nature, agriculture, economy and society. The purpose of this paper is to check compliance of changes in groundwater level obtained from direct measurements in wells with groundwater storage (GWS) anomalies calculated using gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) observations in Poland. Data from the global land data assimilation (GLDAS), in the form of soil moisture (SM) and snow water equivalence (SWE), were used to convert GRACE observations into a series of GWS changes. It was found that very high consistency occurs between GRACE observations and changes in water level in wells, while the GWS series obtained from GRACE and GLDAS do not provide adequate compatibility. Further research presented in the paper was devoted to attempts to explain this phenomenon. In addition, time series of GRACE, GLDAS and groundwater head series were analyzed.
Highlights
The gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) mission operated from 2002 to 2017
The analysis showed a strong correlation between the GRACE-derived groundwater storage (GWS) and those from direct well measurements
GRACE and the thickness of the unsaturated zone at the location of the well in Poland were highly correlated, wells data were delayed by one month on average
Summary
The gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) mission operated from 2002 to 2017. In this 15+ year period, it provided a great deal of global observations of the mass distribution and flow, on and underneath the surface of the Earth. GRACE FO (gravity recovery and climate experiment follow-on) [3]. The principle of both missions is similar: measurements of satellite orbits, using GNSS (global navigation satellite systems) and laser tracking, are supplemented with very accurate measurements of the distance between two twin.
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