Abstract
Water quality in the Dawu water source area is primarily studied through the traditional water quality assessment method that measures the chemical parameters of water against the existing standards, which is simple but cannot accurately describe the water quality. Although the water quality index (WQI) proposed by Horton is widely used for comprehensive water quality evaluation, parameter selection and weight determination are primarily based on the Delphi method, which is subjective and random. Moreover, in groundwater evaluation, the focus is primarily laid on general chemical parameters, such as Total Dissolved Solids, hydrogen ion concentration, Electrical Conductivity, and heavy metals, such as Hydrargyrum, Arsenic, and Chromium, with limited consideration for organic pollutants. In this study, WQI technology in combination with the entropy weight method was used to evaluate the groundwater environmental quality of the Dawu water source area, and the scientific results were analyzed by comparing the full index, Delphi, and multivariate statistical analysis methods. The results showed that the groundwater in the Dawu water source area generally had good quality and was potable and that the application of multivariate statistical analysis method was more suitable than the Delphi method in the index selection process.
Highlights
Groundwater is an important component of water resources and acts as a large natural “reservoir” that supplies water even in conditions of low surface water availability
The above standard indices were based on Mn, Total hardness (TH), I, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Ferrum (Fe), Fluoride ion(F−), Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+–N), Sodium ion (Na+), Sulfate ion (SO42−), and Chloride ion (Cl−) [3]
The full index method, Delphi method, principal component analysis (PCA) approach combined with entropy weight assignment method were adopted to devveleoloppWWQQI Itetcehchnnoolologgyy; ;ththeeggrorouunnddwwataetrerenenvvirioronnmmenent tqquualailtiytyoof fDDawawuuwwataetrersosouurcrecearaeraea wwasasevevalauluataetde,da, nadndthtehererseuslutsltws wereerceocmopmapreadre; dth; ethsecisecnietinfitcifbicasbiassoisf tohfethmeumltiuvlatirviaatreiastteatsitsa-titciastliacanlaalynsailsymsisetmhoedthiondthinetphreopcerossceosfsinofdienxdseexlescetlieocntiwonaswvaesrvifieerdif,ieadn,danthdetghreogurnoduwndatweraptoelrluptoiollnutsiiotnuastiitounatoiofnthoef DthaewDuawwautewrastoeur rscoeuarcreeaawreaaswaansalaynzaeldyzteodptroopvirdoeviadtehaeothreetoirceatlibcaaslisbfaosrissufosrtasiunsatbalienadbelveedloepvmeloenptmoefntthoefatrheea.area
Summary
Groundwater is an important component of water resources and acts as a large natural “reservoir” that supplies water even in conditions of low surface water availability (i.e., dry season or interannual periods of prolonged drought). In Yotova’s study, a new method combining water quality index (WQI) and self-organizing map (SOM) was proposed to evaluate surface water quality in a specific watershed [21]. Previous studies on the application of WQI technology in groundwater quality analysis in China are few, and the application of groundwater environmental quality assessment in the Dawu water source area has not yet been reported. The full index method, Delphi method, principal component analysis (PCA) approach combined with entropy weight assignment method were adopted to de-. The full index method, Delphi method, principal component analysis (PCA) approach combined with entropy weight assignment method were adopted to devveleoloppWWQQI Itetcehchnnoolologgyy; ;ththeeggrorouunnddwwataetrerenenvvirioronnmmenent tqquualailtiytyoof fDDawawuuwwataetrersosouurcrecearaeraea wwasasevevalauluataetde,da, nadndthtehererseuslutsltws wereerceocmopmapreadre; dth; ethsecisecnietinfitcifbicasbiassoisf tohfethmeumltiuvlatirviaatreiastteatsitsa-titciastliacanlaalynsailsymsisetmhoedthiondthinetphreopcerossceosfsinofdienxdseexlescetlieocntiwonaswvaesrvifieerdif,ieadn,danthdetghreogurnoduwndatweraptoelrluptoiollnutsiiotnuastiitounatoiofnthoef DthaewDuawwautewrastoeur rscoeuarcreeaawreaaswaansalaynzaeldyzteodptroopvirdoeviadtehaeothreetoirceatlibcaaslisbfaosrissufosrtasiunsatbalienadbelveedloepvmeloenptmoefntthoefatrheea.area. Where Cj is the concentration (mg/L) of each index in each water sample, CpH is the value of the pH in each water sample, and Sj is the standard limit (mg/L) of each index in the Standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-2006)
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