Abstract
Bangladesh relies mainly on groundwater for irrigation and drinking purposes. Groundwater, however, continuously polluted, is a major obstacle. Nowadays, Bangladesh is moving towards industrial revolution in a considerable speed. As part of this paper's attempt to analyze the groundwater pollution scenario in Bangladesh, specifically in the past two decades, about 100 articles, conference papers, and reports published in national and international journals and books were reviewed, as well as issues concerning pollution sources, health impact assessment, and future perspectives were discussed. The groundwater is contaminated by different contaminants, such as physico-chemicals, trace metals, and microbes. Human health is at great risk from arsenic (As) contamination; it is one of the biggest threats. The cancer risk and non-cancer risk of ingesting water are increased. On the other hand, a large number of peoples were affected due to waterborne diseases governed by microbial contamination. Geophysical and anthropogenic sources, the depth of wells, and geographical factors may influence groundwater pollution. It is recommended that policy makers should address the issue immediately and precautions should be taken wherever necessary.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the conspicuous cereal crops in the world, belonging to the family of Poaceae (Gramineae)
These outcomes were in line with those reported by Khaliq, Iqbal and Basra (1999), Hussain et al (2001) and Soomro et al (2009), which showed that wheat sowing at a vast seeding rate produced greater plant height and the shortest plant was recorded for the lowest seeding rate
These results did not coincide with the findings of Mohammad and Maqsuda (2017) who reported that seed rate increase resulted into a slight rise in the height of the plants, this could be because of environmental conditions and the genetic make-up of the cultivar used in both the studies
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the conspicuous cereal crops in the world, belonging to the family of Poaceae (Gramineae). Wheat is a staple food stuff used to make flour for steamed breads, leavened, flat, cookies, biscuits, breakfast cereal, cake, pasta, fermented alcoholic beverages (beer), noodles, and bio-fuel (Ibukun and Moyin, 2018), used by 7.592 billion individuals residing in 43 countries of the world. It contributes 30 percent to whole grain demand of the world and stand at the top among the cereal crops. Various issues are involved in the low production of this crop, such as edaphic properties, climatic situations, lack of technological knowledge, shortage of water supply for irrigation, and improper usage of fertilizer doses (Ullah et al, 2018)
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