Abstract
In general, groundwater flow and transport models are being applied to investigate a wide variety of hydrogeological conditions besides to calculate the rate and direction of movement of groundwater through aquifers and confining units in the subsurface. Transport models estimate the concentration of a chemical in groundwater which requires the development of a calibrated groundwater flow model or, at a minimum, an accurate determination of the velocity and direction of groundwater flow that is based on field data. All the available hydrogeological, geophysical and water quality data in Musi basin, Hyderabad, India, were fed as input to the model to obtain the groundwater flow velocities and the interaction of surface water and groundwater and thereby seepage loss was estimated. This in turn paved the way to calculate the capacity of the storage treatment plants (STP) to be established at the inlets of six major lakes of the basin. The total dissolved solid was given as the pollutant load in the mass transport model, and through model simulation, its migration at present and futuristic scenarios was brought out by groundwater flow and mass transport modeling. The average groundwater velocity estimated through the flow model was 0.26 m/day. The capacities of STP of various lakes in the study area were estimated based on the lake seepage and evaporation loss. Based on the groundwater velocity and TDS as pollutant load in the lakes, the likely contamination from lakes at present and for the next 20 years was predicted.
Highlights
The use of groundwater models is prevalent in the field of environmental hydrogeology
The database generated through hydrogeological, lake bathymetry, geophysical, and geochemical studies was used to build the groundwater flow and mass transport model
The geoelectric section obtained from the resistivity investigations helped in conceptualizing the aquifer system and calibrating the groundwater flow model
Summary
The use of groundwater models is prevalent in the field of environmental hydrogeology. Groundwater flow and transport models are being applied to investigate a wide variety of hydrogeologic conditions. Transport models estimate the concentration of a chemical in groundwater beginning at its point of introduction to the environment to locations. Where Kxx, Kyy and Kzz are the hydraulic conductivity (LT−1) along x, y, z directions, h is the piezometric head (L), Ss is the specific storage of the medium, W is the volumetric flux per unit area and represents sources and/or sinks, and t is the time. Finite difference method was used to solve the above equation. Models are conceptual descriptions or approximations that describe physical systems using mathematical equations—they are not exact
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