Groundwater investigation in the Batang Integrated Industrial Park, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Batang Integrated Industrial Park (BIIP), Central Java, Indonesia, needs the support of water sources, one of which is groundwater. In addition, industrial waste also can contaminate the groundwater. Therefore, assessing groundwater potential and quality is vital for an environmental baseline to manage sustainable groundwater resources. This research aims to identify the subsurface geology, especially the aquifer system and physicochemicals of groundwater, unprecedented in BIIP. The aquifer system determined the research method through geological surface mapping and geoelectrical surveys. Physicochemical properties, including temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC), were directly measured in wells and springs in the industrial areas. The result shows that the BIIP is dominated by sand, silt, and clay, with sand as the primary aquifer located in-depth 1.35 to 47 meters, concentrated mainly in the western region and towards the east, decreasing as an unconfined aquifer. Groundwater flows from the south toward the Java Sea in the north. Groundwater has a temperature of around 27.3–30.9°C, pH 5.26–7.47, TDS 49–568 mg/L, and EC 100 – 613 μs/cm. It indicates that the quality and quantity of groundwater in the BIIP are quite suitable for use as raw water.