Abstract
The main source of irrigation water in Bangladesh is groundwater, hence its quality needs to be ensured; otherwise, it can damage soil and reduce crop production. In current research, work by analyzing hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater different water types have been assessed to find out the suitable irrigation water of Godagari upazila in the western zone of Bangladesh. Studied parameters include pH, EC, TDS, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cl−, Br−, NO3− and SO42− along with sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), permeability index (PI), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), Kelley’s ratio (KR), Mg:Ca and Na:Ca. XLSTAT and AquaChem software were used to perform factor analysis and determine water types of groundwater, respectively. The mean trends of cations and anions of the study area are Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Fe2+ and Cl− > HCO3− > SO42− > NO3− where silicate-weathered minerals influence the groundwater quality of the study area. Except PI all parameters satisfy irrigation water standards. However, Na–Ca–Mg and Na–Ca–Cl types of water need to be under observation for any future changes since SSP is not satisfied for both of them and considering KR Na–Ca–Cl water type is not suited. Except these two groups, Ca–Na–Mg and Ca–Na–Mg–Cl water types are suitable for irrigation.
Highlights
Agriculture was entirely dependent on surface water and monsoon rainfall in Bangladesh prior to the 1970s (UNDP 1982)
From the Pearson correlation matrices (Table 2) it is seen that EC and TDS, pH and HCO3, and Ca2? and SO42- have strong positive correlation
Anions’ mean trend is Cl- [ HCO3- [ SO42- [ NO3and 60 % samples fall in chloride type considering hydrochemical facies
Summary
Agriculture was entirely dependent on surface water and monsoon rainfall in Bangladesh prior to the 1970s (UNDP 1982). Groundwater is the main source of irrigation water of Bangladesh (Shirazi et al 2010). By 2006, nearly 78 % of the irrigated rice-fields were supplied by groundwater of which about 80 % of the irrigation water derived from shallow tubewells and the rest was irrigated by deep tubewells (UNDP 1982; BBS 2009). Such irrigation water needs to be of appropriate quality. Knowledge of irrigation water quality is critical to the understanding of necessarymanagement changes for longterm productivity (Bauder et al 2004)
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