Abstract
Ciliwung riverbank has been affected by settlement occupation. Both concrete and another retaining wall system have been built to avoid flood and erosion to the settlement that has existed adjacent to the river. Built environment as human disturbance can trigger the change of species richness of ground vegetation in the Ciliwung riverbank of Bogor City. The research objective is to study the difference of ground vegetation biodiversity in three different types of riverbank based on its condition: natural, semi-natural, and constructed riverbanks. Point method and photographic sampling are used. Five replications of a square metre plot at three transects were placed at four sites sampling along 250 m each from the three different types of riverbank. Images of the plots are trained using sample point to overcome the difficulties in the field observation and statistical analysis. The result discovered that species richness in the natural riverbank is significantly higher than in semi-natural and constructed riverbank. Yet, no significance of species richness is shown between semi-natural and constructed riverbank. Total species of ground vegetation that we found were 55 species. Each different type of riverbank has its own highest species coverage: Asystasia nemorum (55.00%) in the natural riverbank, Pilea nummulariifolia (33.07%) in the semi-natural riverbank, and Pogonatherum crinitum (52.80%) in the constructed riverbank. The study concluded that the construction in the riverbank largely altered the biodiversity of ground vegetation in the urban riverbank. The outcomes suggest that the remnant of natural riverbank in the urban landscape should be highly protected from urban development to preserve its biodiversity. Also, species found could be potentially developed as landscape plants to support urban river planning, design, and management.
Highlights
Urban development leads riparian biodiversity into risk
The research objective is to study the difference of ground vegetation biodiversity in three different types of riverbank based on its condition: natural, semi-natural, and constructed riverbanks
The outcomes suggest that the remnant of natural riverbank in the urban landscape should be highly protected from urban development to preserve its biodiversity
Summary
Urban development leads riparian biodiversity into risk. riverbank vegetation as the first terrestrial area with direct contact to water has many ecological functions including run off pollutant filtration, wildlife corridor, and air pollution absorption. Human intervention in preventing the flood on riverbank has approached engineering technique that is often used in civil engineering principle without considering the dynamics of nature in this landscape. It has constantly driven high fragmentation and isolation that is vulnerable to biodiversity loss and ecological catastrophe along riparian area (Moffatt et al 2004). The Ciliwung River is the largest river flowing through Megacity Jakarta as a capital city of Indonesia. It is the main river for Ciliwung watershed covering about 390 km over Jakarta and three satellite cities: Bogor District, Bogor City, and Depok City. The ground vegetation can be grouped into woody plants
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