Ground Subsidence Caused by Tunnel Excavation in Sand

Abstract

This paper studies the ground subsidence due to the tunneling in sands. The relationship between tunnel volume loss ratio and subsurface soil volume loss ratio is obtained by analyzing the test data. This relationship is then introduced into existing empirical methods to establish the surface settlement trough caused by tunneling in sands. Compared with the geotechnical centrifugal test data, the equation can provide reasonable results under the condition of the construction level nowadays. The finding of the relationship between tunnel volume loss ratio and subsurface settlement trough volume loss ratio makes it possible to calculate the surface and subsurface settlement troughs using empirical method.