Abstract
The effect of ground roughness, or surface irregularities, on the radiation field above ground which has been contaminated with fallout from the explosion in the atmosphere of a nuclear device (Small Boy Event) was investigated for three types of Nevada terrain: (1) a flat dry-lake bed, (2) a ploughed field with a known and uniform degree of roughness and (3) typical wild desert. A modified 5-ton Navy 6 × 6 truck was used as a mobile laboratory. A collimator and a scintillation crystal with a 512-channel analyser were used to measure gamma-ray spectra at various polar angles. Dose-vs.-height measurements were also made up to a height of 40 ft. The gamma-ray pulse-height distributions were unfolded to give energy spectra from which the angular distribution of radiation dose was calculated. Comparisons are made between theoretical predictions and these experimental determinations of directional dose. The project was undertaken to determine the importance of ground roughness as a factor in shielding against fallout radiation.
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