Abstract
Ground pressure characteristics of the ore body and the overburden deformation of the stope depend highly on the combined influence of geological conditions and mining disturbance. The ore body inclination, as a natural geological factor, has a nonnegligible effect on the underground mining. The ore angle plays a great role in the stress distribution of the overlying rock layer, resulting in the movement and destruction of the rock layer. The variation of the ore angle dominates the stress distribution of the overburden rock, the forms of movement, destruction, and the surface moving basin. Here, taking the geological mining conditions of the deep ore body mining in Jinning Phosphate Mine as the engineering background, we adopt a similar material ratio scheme of each rock layer in the mining area via the similarity theory and the principle of orthogonal experiment. We conduct systematic study on the strata movement, mining failure characteristics, and movement of the overlying rock in stope using a similar simulation test under two different ore angles of 20° and 50°. We found that, as the ore body inclination increases from 20° to 50°, the overburden unloading area of the stope extending to the deep part of the rock layer in the vertical direction is more obvious and its shape is more asymmetric about the stope center. The unloading area is more concentrated in the middle and upper part of the stope, while the upward development trend is more obvious. The relevant results can provide a certain reference for the underground mining of the mines and those with similar conditions.
Highlights
Humans have been engaged in deep underground mining activities for thousands of years [1, 2]; mankind has begun to understand the pressure of mines for only nearly 100 years [3]
The vertical gravity of the overlying rock layer due to having no geological structure in the excavation area, in which the stress at each measuring point of the roof is basically and linearly proportional to the buried depth before the excavation of the underground ore body. e original stress of the excavated ore body is transferred to the surrounding rock body after the underground mining of the deep phosphate ore body, disturbing the stress field of the original rock
The deformation of the overlying rock in the underground mining pit of the phosphate ore layer tends to be alleviated as the inclination of the phosphate ore body increases from 20° to 50°
Summary
Humans have been engaged in deep underground mining activities for thousands of years [1, 2]; mankind has begun to understand the pressure of mines for only nearly 100 years [3] Mining activities, such as excavation and mining, affect the rock mass, resulting in the distribution of the original stress field. Is method is proposed by Soviet scholar Kuznetsov, which is improved and developed by continuous practice and research, resulting in a set of research methods from physical tests, mechanical tests, and model tests It has been widely applied in the domestic and international mining and geotechnical circles [14, 15], especially in the rock foundations with complex geological structures. We adopt indoor similar simulation test to the stability and rock pressure of the stope roof and surrounding rock under two different inclination conditions of 20° and 50° and conduct systematic research on mining failure characteristics and the movement of the overlying rock in stope with indoor similar simulation test under two different ore angles of 20° and 50°
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