Abstract
The Veluwe area is one of the main groundwater reservoirs in the Netherlands. The Veluwe consists of ice-pushed ridges. The ridges are reworked, mainly sandy, fluvial sediments with some dipping clay layers. Due to these dipping clay layers the sediments have an anisotropy for lateral groundwater flow. Some of these clay layers even form a complete barrier for groundwater flow. The location of these clay layers is important for the reliability of local groundwater flow models. A number of profiles were measured with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR, 50 MHz) at three locations in the ice- pushed ridges with the aim to locate the dipping clay layers and the zones with a high anisotropy. The obtained GPR data was combined with direct observations such as groundwater levels of the phreatic aquifer, Cone Penetration Tests on the some of the pronounced dipping reflectors and local geological knowledge. For the investigation sites the following data from the radar profiles were plotted on a map: (1) the boundary on the surface between the ice-pushed- and the horizontal layered sediments, (2) the groundwater level, (3) groundwater steps, and (4) pronounced dipping reflectors. The boundary between the ice-pushed and horizontal layered sediments on the surface is the location of the transition between sediments with and without a high anisotropy for groundwater flow. The groundwater steps are locations of barriers for lateral groundwater flow, while the pronounced dipping reflectors are just indications for these barriers. A steep gradient of the water table, which is not visible on all the profiles, is an indication for a zone with a high anisotropy for lateral groundwater flow. These maps are currently being used for upgrading local groundwater flow models.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
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