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Abstract
Ground magnetic, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and dipole-dipole resistivity were carried out to environmentally investigate a landfill. In this context, these geophysical techniques were conducted to identify the subsurface contents of the landfill, furthermore, specify any possible leakage and/or contamination in the study area. The ground-magnetic survey carried out in the study area comprised 31 profiles each 120 m in length. Different wavelength filters were applied to the measured data. Vertical derivative, downward continuation, apparent susceptibility, band-pass, and analytical signal filters separated successfully the shallow sources. Whereas, upward continuation and low-pass Gaussian filters isolated significantly the deep magnetic sources. 3D Euler deconvolution (SI = 3) remarkably estimated the depths of the shallow sources (0 - 10 m) of the landfill contents. The conducted GPR and dipole-dipole resistivity allocated tangibly the locations and depths of the near surface anomalies. Both techniques didn’t reveal any possible leakage and/or contamination. Noteworthy, integration among magnetic, GPR, and dipole-dipole resistivity confirmed positively the results of each method. Nevertheless, some anomalies were recognized successfully by one technique and not by the others.
Highlights
Environmental contamination is considered to be one of the main concerns of earth scientists worldwide due to the speed acceleration of industrial development coupled with uncontrolled growth of the urban population which resulted in the increase production of solid/liquid residues
Since some artificial ore bodies were existed on the surface of the study area, the effect of these bodies were carefully handled during the processing and interpretation of the magnetic data
The calculated depths were recognized in good clustering and ranged from 0 to 10 m
Summary
Environmental contamination is considered to be one of the main concerns of earth scientists worldwide due to the speed acceleration of industrial development coupled with uncontrolled growth of the urban population which resulted in the increase production of solid/liquid residues. Geological/geomorphologic criteria comprise lithology, depth to the bedrock, structure, etc. In this context, ground magnetic, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and dipole-dipole resistivity profiling were conducted in the study area to characterize the contents of the landfill, specify any possible leakage and/or contamination (Figure 1). In 2007, reference [2] used 2D electrical resistance tomography (ERT), electromagnetic measurements using very low frequencies (VLF), electromagnetic conductivity (EM31), seismic refraction measurements (SR), and ambient noise measurements (HVSR) in the largest waste disposal landfill of Crete Island, the Fodele municipal solid waste site (MSW), to determine the geometry of the landfill (depth and spatial extent of electrically conductive anomalies), to define the anisotropy caused by bedrock fabric fractures, and to locate potential zones of electrically conductive contamination. In 2011, reference [5] performed an integrated geophysical study involving 2D
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