Abstract
Abstract: Stone columns serve to improve the load-bearing capacity of loose soils in an environmentally sustainable as well as cost- effective manner. The review investigates the mechanical performance of encased stone columns compared to traditional ones and highlights the role of geosynthetics in enhancing their ability to bear loads and increase their stiffness. It is also explored the obstacles related to the installation of stone columns, encompassing possible construction complexities, compatibility with the prevailing site conditions, and the impact of groundwater on their effectiveness. Consideration of the stone column in terms of the deformation modulus for settlement analysis might reflect its behavior more accurately and realistically. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of stone column advancements, including current analytical, experimental, and numerical, and a study is carried out of their compressive, uplift, and seismic responses. Based on prior study findings, mathematical analysis, physical simulation, and comprehensive investigation, many aspects that impact the overall effectiveness of this approach have been identified
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