Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide detailed insights into an approach to measure gross employment of the renewable energy (RES) industry in Germany in order to improve transparency and comparability. The method applied for the assessment of gross employment figures follows the input–output (IO) modeling approach and covers direct as well as indirect employment effects. All-in-all, four different approaches of applying the IO-methodology are described. The analysis includes 11 different RES technologies. It provides information on employment in manufacturing and installation, operation and maintenance (O&M), as well as the provision of biogenic fuels. The results show the relevance of the manufacturing and installation sector as well as the influence of foreign trade on this sector. On the other hand, it reveals the growing importance of O&M as well as the provision of biogenic fuels and their role in providing a more stable development of employment in the RES industry. Our main methodological conclusions are as follows: (1) data availability is a major challenge in assessing employment effects of specific technologies; (2) there are many different ways to apply the IO-modeling approach to specific technologies and services; (3) the transfer of results to other countries is limited.
Highlights
The energy transition is one of the greatest political challenges of our time
The challenges lie in the technical implementation of the energy system transformation, and in the carbon lock-in effects that come with the transformation of the energy system [1,2]
One aspect that has a strong impact on political decision-makers as well as on public acceptance are societal implications that result from the energy transition
Summary
The energy transition is one of the greatest political challenges of our time. One aspect that has a strong impact on political decision-makers as well as on public acceptance are societal implications that result from the energy transition. Uncertainty about these implications may well be one of the greatest barriers to the rigorous realization of the energy transition in most countries. In this context, one of the most pressing issues is the change in industrial structures and employment that accompanies a change in technology. The successful establishment of new industries in the technologies that are the drivers of the energy transition is of particular importance for political decision-makers [4]
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