Gross and histopathological study on common carp Cyprinus carpio L. diseases in rearing culturing ponds in Kirkuk Province – Iraq

Saevan S Al-Mahmood

doi:10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i1.91

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the infection ratio and pathological lesions in common carp fish in Kirkuk province. To achieve these goals, a survey study was conducted from 01/12/2015 to 01/04/2016. Results of the survey study showed that the infection ratio of acidity and alkalinity of pond’s water 27.88% (46/165), bacterial kidney infection 20% (33/165), water mold (saprolegniasis) 12.12% (20/165), spring viremia of common carp 11.52% (19/165), Coccidiosis 11.52% (19/165), fungal gill rot infection 7.27% (12/165), hemorrhagic septicemia 6.67% (11/165) and enteric parasite infection 3.03% (3/165). Pathological study showed that lesions in acidic and alkaline of pond’s water consisted from necrosis with sloughing of scales and intestinal mucinous degeneration as well as necrosis of intestinal villi. In bacterial kidney infection lesion consist of diphtheric membrane cover abdominal cavity and presence of microorganisms in renal cortex and medulla. In Saprolegnia sp. infection the pathognomic lesions were recorded which consist from fungal hyphae extended from fish body into water. In spring viremia of common carp lesions consist from exophthalmia and pinpoint hemorrhage on fish body with presence of pseudodiphtheric membrane associated with hemorrhagic exudate as well as extensive necrosis of intestinal villi. In Eimeria sp. infection lesions composed from presence of infective stages of coccidian parasites in enterocytes. In fungal gill rot infection the mosaic appearance lesion was observed consisted from necrotic area (white color) and health area (red color). In hemorrhagic septicemia infection lesions consist from ulcers surrounded by areas of hyperemia with extensive necrosis of intestinal lining. In enteric parasites infection we noted presence of large numbers of worms in intestinal lumen, also there is nodule in intestinal mucosa contain nematods of 2 cm in length, in other cases there is presence of worms inserted in intestinal mucosa of 30 cm length covered with fibrous membrane. It concluded from this study that the infection ratio with different diseases in common carp varied in compared with other countries and depends upon changes in climate and breeding habits as well as the gross and microscopic lesions are identical to that recorded worldwide.

Highlights

Viremia of common carp lesions consist from exophthalmia and pinpoint hemorrhage on the fish body with presence of pseudodiphtheric membrane associated with hemorrhagic exudate as well as extensive necrosis of intestinal villi
In hemorrhagic septicemia infection lesions consisted from ulcers surrounded by areas of hyperemia with extensive necrosis of intestinal lining
In bacterial kidney infection the results showed that the total infection ratio was 20% (Table, 1), the result of current study not agreed to the infection ratio of other studies (11-13), and this due to differences in survey period and change in temperature between winter and summer months lead to increase in stress that considered a predisposing factor for infection, these studies agreed with current study in record presence of diphtheric membrane which considered a significant lesions in these cases with peritonitis and necrosis in the renal tubules in both posterior and anterior kidney (Fig. 2)

Summary

Introduction

Viremia of common carp lesions consist from exophthalmia and pinpoint hemorrhage on the fish body with presence of pseudodiphtheric membrane associated with hemorrhagic exudate as well as extensive necrosis of intestinal villi.

Results

Conclusion