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Abstract
Nicotine, the primary psychoactive component in tobacco, can exert a broad impact on both the central and peripheral nervous systems. During the past years, a tremendous amount of efforts has been put to exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco smoking related behaviors and diseases, and many susceptibility genes have been identified via various genomic approaches. For many human complex diseases, there is a trend towards collecting and integrating the data from genetic studies and the biological information related to them into a comprehensive resource for further investigation, but we have not found such an effort for nicotine addiction or smoking-related phenotypes yet. To collect, curate, and integrate cross-platform genetic data so as to make them interpretable and easily accessible, we developed Genetic Resources Of Nicotine and Smoking (GRONS), a comprehensive database for genes related to biological response to nicotine exposure, tobacco smoking related behaviors or diseases. GRONS deposits genes from nicotine addiction studies in the following four categories, i.e. association study, genome-wide linkage scan, expression analysis on genes/proteins via high-throughput technologies, as well as single gene/protein-based experimental studies via literature search. Moreover, GRONS not only provides tools for data browse, search and graphical presentation of gene prioritization, but also presents the results from comprehensive bioinformatics analyses for the prioritized genes associated with nicotine addiction. With more and more genetic data and analysis tools integrated, GRONS will become a useful resource for studies focusing on nicotine addiction or tobacco smoking. Database URL: http://bioinfo.tmu.edu.cn/GRONS/
Highlights
Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use [1], and one of the most significant sources of morbidity and death worldwide [2]
We proposed a gene prioritization method to rank the nicotine addiction related genes collected from multiple sources [30]
Genetic Resources Of Nicotine and Smoking (GRONS) is a unique database for genes related to the biological effects of nicotine and tobacco smoking
Summary
Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use [1], and one of the most significant sources of morbidity and death worldwide [2]. Many experimental strategies, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), linkage scan, microarray and proteomics approaches, and quantitative trait loci, have been used to identify risk genes or markers for nicotine addiction or related phenotypes [11, 12]. The replication rates of significant genes or markers identified in the association or linkage studies usually are low, or no clear connection between the risk to nicotine addiction and structural or functional changes in the susceptibility genes can be found, so results from most of these approaches are largely inconclusive. The reasons for such phenomena are complicated. It is important to systematically collect, curate and analyse the genetic data from multiple studies so that the molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction can be explored in a more comprehensive way
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