Górnictwo w Arktyce, problemy środowiskowe i ekologiczne na przykładzie N Skandynawii (Kvalsund, Norwegia, Monchegorsk, Rosja)

Abstract

The Arctic region is a prospective area for ore mining and urbanization progress. The areas of Europe located beyond the Arctic Circle have unique features of the natural environment. Conducting mining works in this place is associated with certain difficulties resulting from weather conditions (numerous rains, long winters, polar night) and due to the high risk of permanent environmental pollution. An example of the specificity of arctic mining is Kvalsund in northern Norway, where there is a copper mine that is currently under development. Another example is the Monchegorsk region in Russia, which is currently no longer mining. Both of these places are associated with sulphide deposits of non-ferrous metals and the resulting consequences. The purpose of this text was to show the differences and similarities of these mining plants, and on this basis to demonstrate the complexity of the issues of exploitation and reclamation of mining areas in the Arctic.