Grip and pinch strength in children with Down syndrome

Abstract

Introduction Children with Down syndrome present with joint laxity, hypotonia and shortened hands resulting in reduced grip and pinch strength. Limited information on grip and pinch strength in children with Down syndrome motivated this study. Methods A convenience sample of 30 children with Down syndrome (9–16 years) from special schools and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy school children was studied. Grip and pinch strength were measured according to ASHT standard procedure using JAMAR® dynamometer and B&L pinch gauge. Anthropometric data of upper limb and subject characteristics were recorded. Results Children with Down syndrome had significantly lower values for grip, palmar and key pinch strength (p < 0.001) (6.3 kg, 1.91 kg, 2.75 kg) compared to healthy children (15.9 kg, 2.86 kg, 3.52 kg), respectively. A positive moderate correlation was observed between right hand grip strength and body height (r = 0.67), bodyweight (r = 0.69), total arm length (r = 0.68), upper arm length (r = 0.68), forearm length (r = 0.63), hand length (r = 0.68) and hand breadth (r = 0.66) in children with Down syndrome. Conclusions Children with Down syndrome presented with 60% less grip strength, 33% less palmar pinch strength and 22% less key pinch strength when compared to children without Down syndrome. Positive moderate correlation was observed between grip strength, body height, body weight and upper limb anthropometric variables in children with Down syndrome.