Grid to Ground Solutions in Construction Projects

Abstract

Nowadays, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques are considered the cornerstones in the field of surveying and civil engineering industry. At present, a plethora of companies is employing GNSS in their daily activities. The engineering construction projects are designed based on ground distances although rapid static works on grid coordinate system, where the distances between points vary from the ground. The established control points should be compatible with the design by converting distances to ground. This study investigates the effect of the scale factor (SF) to reduce the linear distortion when grid is converted to ground. For this purpose, eight different distances from 64.858 m to 887.974 m were taken with rapid static method. The results reveal that whereas the distances are increased, the difference between the grid and ground is proportional, and for the smallest distance, the difference was 54 mm and for the largest was 398 mm. Besides, the grid distances were converted to ground distances using the combined SFs that works as a divider; the average difference was decreased from 175 mm to 45 mm, and the maximum difference was decreased from 398 mm to 85 mm.