Grid‐Scale Electric Energy Storage in a Net‐Zero Emissions Energy System

Abstract

The electric system in the US is expected to become larger and more pervasive as the existing energy system transitions to net‐zero emissions, alongside a transition to new forms of generation that are less dispatchable, being governed by the temporal and spatial variability of renewable energy. In addition to decarbonization drivers of change in the electric system, there are also likely to be increases in grid‐edge generation and energy management, efforts to reduce energy injustice, and global developments in innovation and trade. In this context, electricity storage for the electric grid, commercial and residential buildings, industrial facilities, and vehicles will increase to manage meeting electricity demand with supply. This article examines the technologies that may play a role in grid‐scale energy storage in the US energy system.