Abstract
The battery energy storage system (BESS) is an indispensable part of an electric fleet (EF) which needs to be charged by electricity from local grid when the fleet is in the dockyard. The uncoordinated fast charging of BESS in Grid to Ferry (G2F) mode imposes sudden increments of load in the power grid, which is analyzed by a simulated model of grid connected marine load. The probable impact on system stability is examined by MATLAB Simulink and Power World Simulator based models. According to simulation results for IEEE 5 bus system, voltage unbalance factors are 0.01% and 200% for all buses at fundamental and third harmonics frequencies, respectively. The total harmonic distortion (THD) at fundamental frequency becomes 0.16%, 0.16%, and 0.18%, respectively, for three cases. The transient, voltage reactive power (V-Q), and voltage real power (V-P) sensitivity analysis are performed for 7 bus system with load increment contingencies. According to simulation results, the V-Q sensitivity for the assigned contingency is increased by the addition of a shunt generator to the load bus with lowest bus voltage. In case of V-P sensitivity for the selected contingency, the load buses share power among them, and the nose point is attained at maximum shift of power with high V-Q sensitivity.
Highlights
For mitigating the harmful environmental effects of greenhouse gas (GHG), which is emitted by conventional fossil fuels, the utilization of renewable resources is increasing day by day
According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the carbon dioxide emission from shipping is equal to 2.2% of the global human made emissions in 2012, which is expected to rise to 50–250% by 2050 if no action is taken for reducing emission [2,3]
The most recommended and popular method for battery charging is Constant Current (CC)-Constant Voltage (CV) charging, which consists of trickle charge, constant current, constant voltage, and charge termination [8,9]
Summary
For mitigating the harmful environmental effects of greenhouse gas (GHG), which is emitted by conventional fossil fuels, the utilization of renewable resources is increasing day by day.
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