Abstract
This paper presents a grid impact assessment of a 5 MWp photovoltaic-based distribution unit on a 33 kV/23 MVA power distribution network with high penetration of renewable energy generation. The adapted network has an average load demand of 23 MVA, with a 3 MWp centralized PV system, and a number of decentralized PV systems of a capacity of 2 MWp. A grid impact assessment is done to an additional 5 MWp of PV generation as a centralized system as well as a number of decentralized systems. Power flow analysis is conducted to the grid considering different generation loading scenarios in order to study grid performance including active and reactive power flow, voltage profiles, distribution power transformers loading, transmission lines ampacity levels, and active and reactive power losses. On the other hand, the distribution of the decentralized systems is done optimally considering power distribution transformer loading and available area using the geographical information system. Finally, an economic analysis is done for both cases. Results showed that grid performance is better considering decentralized PV systems, whereas the active power losses are reduced by 13.43% and the reactive power losses are reduced by 14.48%. Moreover, the voltage of buses improved as compared to the centralized system. However, the decentralized PV systems were found to affect the power quality negatively more than the centralized system. As for the economic analysis, the decentralized PV system option is found slightly less profitable than the centralized system, whereas the simple payback period is 9 and 7 years, respectively. However, decentralized PV systems are recommended considering the technical implications of the centralized PV system.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Xiao-Shun Zhang is paper presents a grid impact assessment of a 5 MWp photovoltaic-based distribution unit on a 33 kV/23 MVA power distribution network with high penetration of renewable energy generation. e adapted network has an average load demand of 23 MVA, with a 3 MWp centralized PV system, and a number of decentralized PV systems of a capacity of 2 MWp
Erefore, a grid impact study should be done on the power network before installing any renewable-energybased distributed generation. us, this study proposes a framework of grid impact study for photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) by analyzing the following: (i) the power flow analysis of the system is done before and after the installation of the distributed generation unit to evaluate the impact of PVDG on the power system
Different indicators were considered in order to compare centralized system and decentralized system for economic analysis as follows; the simple payback period (SPP), the net present value (NPV), and internal rate return (IRR) that are significant economic parameters will be used to evaluate the feasibility for investors to invest into a rooftop PV system
Summary
Palestinian territories suffer from the scarcity of conventional energy sources, high population growth, and rising prices of energy. us, this would lead Palestine to a developing energy crisis [12]. Palestine has an estimated annual average daily solar energy in the range of 5.4 kWh/ m2–6 kWh/m2 with sunshine hours over 3,000 hours per year. E average load demand of the network is 23 MVA, based on daily records of consumption. Ere is a total number of 78 buses at 33 kV, mostly power consumption nodes (57 nodes), including the concentrated consumption of Qabatiya, Anza, Zawiya, Zababeda, Wadi Douq, Um Al Toot, Tilfit, Tineen, Raba, Private project, Mghayer, Merkeh, Jarba, Jalqumous, Dream Land, Beer Al-Basha, AUU, Al Mtelleh, Wadi Al Faraa, Ras Al Faraa, Keshda, and Faraa Camp. E load from Qabatiya, Anza, Alzawiya, Zababeda, Wadi Douq, Um Al Toot, Tilfit, Tineen, Raba, Private project, Mghayer, Merkeh, Jarba, Jalqumous, Dream Land, Beer Al-Basha, AUU, and Al Mtelleh were modeled as total load (in node Qabatiya). Based on the information mentioned above, the power flow analysis of the network was performed using Newton–Raphson method in ETAP software
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