Abstract
Electric Power Systems are undergoing rapid transformations toward those having increasing proportions of renewable generation (such as wind and solar), significant amounts of energy storage, advanced grid infrastructures, and a myriad of end-use electrification technologies. Driven by drastic cost reductions and deployment incentives, the solar contribution to U.S. electricity generation has increased from less than 0.1% in 2010 to 3.3% in 2020. Wind generation has seen similar trends in cost reduction and accounted for 8.4% of U.S. electricity generation in 2020. [See Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), “What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source?,” eia.gov/tools/faqs/.] To achieve the Biden administration’s clean energy goals, hundreds of gigawatts more of wind and solar will need to come online in the next 15 years. Similar transformations are happening at a global scale, and countries have laid out pathways to achieve a net-zero energy sector by 2050 to tackle climate change. (See 2 Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector, <uri>https://www.iea.org/events/net-zero-by-2050-a-roadmap-for-the-global-energy-system</uri>.)
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