Grid code for wind power fluctuation in China and particle swarm optimization-based power dispatch solution

Abstract

The intermittency and variability of wind lead to the fluctuation of wind power, which has an impact on the power grid. With the increasing capacity of wind power, the grid code restrictions for wind farms have become more rigorous than ever. The State Grid Corporation of China proposed standards for the maximal fluctuation in 1- and 10-min time windows, relative to the rated power of a wind farm. This paper presents an approach to calculate the power fluctuation on a certain timescale and find the balance between the generating benefit and fluctuation loss under the limitation standard. A new active power dispatch solution is applied based on the ultra-short term power forecasting result for 10 min. A penalty function and objective function are established and solved by particle swarm optimization to obtain the optimal control instruction to mitigate the power fluctuation. To validate the proposed solution, a wind power acquisition data series is used in both offline and online simulation cases. The results show that the new solution, with its small operating cost, is a valuable approach to avoid “abandoning wind” because of power over-fluctuation, and effectively increases valid production incomes.