Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of time lag to grey system models, and propose the grey system models with time lags.Design/methodology/approachThe models were applied to calculate the time lags between spring flow and precipitation (i.e. hydraulic response time) and simulate karst spring discharge in Liulin Springs Basin, China.FindingsThe results show that the time lags of Lishi, Zhongyang, and Fangshan are three, five, and eight, respectively. By considering the time lags, we set up the grey system GM(1,4) response model of Liulin Springs discharge to precipitation of Lishi, Zhongyang, and Fangshan.Originality/valueThe results are in agreement with regional geological structure and provide a better understanding of karst hydrological processes of Liulin Springs Basin.
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