Greffe en palissade pour recentrage acétabulaire dans les reprises par implant sans ciment

Abstract

Acetabular reconstruction is difficult after loss of bone stock and socket remodeling. Several techniques have been proposed ranging from a metal backing to allografting. We propose fence grafting. After explantation, the acetabulum is carefully cleaned of all interface tissue and precisely measured. If the vertical diameter is clearly greater than the anteroposterior diameter, a tricortical graft is harvested from the iliac crest and modeled to perfectly fit between the anterioinferior iliac spine and the residual posterior wall as well as the fundus medially. One or two oblique screws are inserted for stabilization. Any superior bone loss is filled by bone substitute (without mechanical value). The acetabulum is then reamed from the obturator foramen sparing the anterior and posterior columns. Residual bony defects are filled with cancellous bone. A hemispheric cup is then press fit and maintained with two or three screws. We performed this procedure in eight patients with SO.F.C.O.T. stage III acetabular loosening with segmentary bone loss and an oval acetabular cavity. Clinical follow-up was more than four years. The Postel-Merle-d’Aubigné score improved from 9.8 to 15.7 on average. Radiographically, there were no implant mobilization or migration and no circumferential lucent lines were observed. A nearly anatomic position was achieved in all cases except two (technical imperfection). At more than one-year follow-up, the grafts could not be distinguished from adjacent bone. For us, high-positioned or jumbo cups do not offer a satisfactory reconstruction option. There is a risk of compression with allografts from a head bank. We have not used the cemented metal-backed solution nor impacted grafts. The major drawback with fence grafting is the iliac harvesting (possible residual limping because of the extensive disinsertion of the gluteus medius. The reliable acetabular reconstruction is the major advantage. This technique is not simply an acetabular block widened laterally but it decreases the vertical dimension. This is a reliable but minute technique which allows true long-lasting reconstruction of the acetabulum.