Abstract
Pachyphlodes is a lineage of ectomycorrhizal, hypogeous, sequestrate ascomycete fungi native to temperate and subtropical forests in the Northern Hemisphere. Pachyphlodes species form ectomycorrhizae mainly with Fagales hosts. Here we describe two new species of Pachyphlodes, P.brunnea, and P.coalescens, based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Pachyphlodesbrunnea is distributed in the states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León in northern México, occurring with Quercus and Juglans species. It is characterized by its dark brown peridium, white gleba, and spores with capitate columns. Pachyphlodescoalescens is distributed in the states of Michoacán and Tlaxcala in central and southwestern México co-occurring with Quercus and is distinguished by its reddish-brown peridium, light yellow gleba, and spore ornamentation. Both species, along with P.marronina, constitute the Marronina clade. This clade contains North American species characterized by a brown peridium and spores ornamented with capitate spines to coalesced spine tips that form a partial perispore.
Highlights
Pachyphlodes Zobel, 1854 (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) is characterized by truffle-like ascomata with a thick peridium of large isodiametric cells and globose spores ornamented with spines or columns
Pachyphlodes species are distributed across the Northern Hemisphere; in North America and Europe; they form ectomycorrhizae with hosts in the Betulaceae, Fagaceae, and Juglandaceae in temperate and subtropical regions (Smith et al 2007; Lindner and Banik 2009; Stefani et al 2009; Tedersoo et al 2009, 2010; Bonito et al 2011; García-Guzmán et al 2017)
Four species have been described from México; Cázares et al (1992) reported P. citrina (Berk. and Broome) Doweld from Nuevo León and P. virescens (Gilkey) Doweld from Nuevo León and Tamaulipas; Healy et al (2009) reported Pachyphlodes cf. carnea from Nuevo León, and described a new species P. marronina Healy, Bonito & Guevara from Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and Tlaxcala
Summary
Pachyphlodes Zobel, 1854 (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) is characterized by truffle-like ascomata with a thick peridium of large isodiametric cells and globose spores ornamented with spines or columns. Four species have been described from México; Cázares et al (1992) reported P. citrina Broome) Doweld (unverified by molecular methods) from Nuevo León and P. virescens (Gilkey) Doweld (unverified by molecular methods) from Nuevo León and Tamaulipas; Healy et al (2009) reported Pachyphlodes cf carnea from Nuevo León, and described a new species P. marronina Healy, Bonito & Guevara from Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and Tlaxcala. Et al (2009) remarked on morphological differences between the P. marronina collections from the upper Midwestern USA and the P. marronina collections from México and proposed they may be part of a species complex in need of further analysis. With the aim to solve this species complex, here we report new collections along with results from further analyses that support the description of the Mexican collections as two new species of Pachyphlodes in the Marronina clade
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