Abstract
This article reports on recent advances in the area of catalyst regeneration in metal mediated atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) and cyclization (ATRC) reactions using environmentally benign reducing agents. The role of reducing agent in both processes is to continuously regenerate the activator (transition metal complex in the lower oxidation state) from the deactivator (transition metal complex in the higher oxidation state). As a result, single addition adducts in copper mediated ATRA and ATRC reactions can be synthesized using very low concentrations of copper catalysts (5-100 pm). Previously, efficient catalysis for both processes required as much as several thousands ppm of copper. It is envisioned that the recent developments in this area could have profound industrial implications on the synthesis of small organic molecules, natural products and pharmaceutical drugs.
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