Abstract
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions is a topic of major concern worldwide. Following previous articles which provide a methodology for estimating GHG emissions associated with international trade by transport mode at the world level, in this paper, we estimate an equivalent database of GHG emissions for inter-regional trade flows within a country (Spain). To this end, we built a new database of GHG emissions for origin–destination flows between Spanish provinces during 1995–2015. For each year, we combine industry-specific flows by four transport modes (road, train, ship and aircraft) with the corresponding GHG emissions factor for each mode in tons*km, drawn from the specialized literature. With this dataset of GHG emissions, we generate and analyze the temporal, sectoral and spatial pattern of Spanish inter-regional GHG flows. We then forecast emissions for 2016–2030 and consider how transport mode shifts might produce a more sustainable freight system within the country through the substitution of environmentally friendly alternatives (railway) for specific origin–destination–product flows in high-polluting modes (road).
Highlights
In December 2015, at the Paris climate conference (COP21), 195 countries adopted the first universal, legally binding global climate deal, with the aim of keeping global warming below 2 ◦C
The largest statistical series for this indicator corresponds to 1996–2015, but it is not always fully compatible with the emissions indicators noted above. In addition to this official data, we have found interesting references with which to build a set of alternative scenarios regarding average Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions factors per transport mode and year within Spain
GHG emissions reached a level of 10,105 ktCO2 equivalent in 2015
Summary
In December 2015, at the Paris climate conference (COP21), 195 countries adopted the first universal, legally binding global climate deal, with the aim of keeping global warming below 2 ◦C. The European Union (EU) was the first major economy to submit its intended contribution to the new agreement in March 2015, pledging an ambitious 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 from 1990 levels [1,2]. This target was in line with the EU’s previous “2030 climate and energy framework” [3] and with the European Commission’s “White Paper of Transport” from 2011 [4]. Sectors outside the ETS, which include the “transport sector”, will need to reduce them by 30% from
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