Greener process to prepare and scale-up zwitterionic macro cyclic dihydroxy-aza-crown ether and their corresponding supramolecular pairs to enhanced oil recovery application

Abstract

This manuscript discusses a green and clean route to prepare macro cyclic dihydroxy-aza-crown ether (MC-DACE) compounds, their zwitterionic derivatives, and the corresponding supramolecular pairs with a cationic surfactant. A conventional one vessel two-step process developed as the synthetic route. The first step consists of a reaction without solvent to obtain MC-DACE, and the next stage occurs in aqueous to get zwitterionic macro cyclic dihydroxy-aza-crown ether (ZWMC-DACE). We prepared the first instance in the lab scale, and a subsequent scale-up process was carried out. Green metrics were determined and performed through Andraos pentagon, showing that synthetic approaches are greener and environmentally friendly concerning other routes to prepare analog compounds. These ZWMC-DACE and corresponding supramolecular pairs with dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) have been tested with good performance in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) application to study their wettability-altering and non-emulsion formation.