Greener Biogenic Approach for the Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles Using Papaya Peel: An Eco-Friendly Catalyst for C-C Coupling Reaction.

Abstract

The development of a green and sustainable synthetic methodology still remains a challenge across the globe. Encouraging the prevailing challenge, herein, we have synthesized Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) in a green and environmentally viable route, using the extract of waste papaya peel without the assistance of any reducing agents, high-temperature calcination, and reduction procedures. The biomolecules present in the waste papaya peel extract reduced Pd(II) to nanosize Pd(0) in a one-pot green and sustainable process. As a catalyst, the new Pd NPs offer a simple and efficient methodology in direct Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling with excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.